Skip to Main Content
Hunter Library
Research Guides
Western Carolina University

Write and Manage Citations

Learn about citation styles, documenting sources, and keeping track of research.

Overview

It's important to cite sources used in research for several reasons:

  • It strengthens your arguments. Support from data sources or other scholars on your topic, whether you're agreeing or arguing, shows the reader that you've done your homework.

  • To show the reader you've done proper research, listing sources used to gather information.

  • You should give credit where credit is due. Others worked hard to create content, and you should appreciate those who've done the work - and to avoid plagiarism.

  • To allow readers to track down the sources you used by citing them accurately in your work

A citation should be used when content that did not originate with you is used to support your writing.

Content includes:

  • words (quotations, phrases, sayings)
  • thoughts or ideas (summarizations and paraphrases)
  • audio or visual material (photos, videos, screencaptures, Powerpoint slides, social media content, audio recordings)

When in doubt, cite it!  You won’t be judged harshly for adding a citation when it isn’t needed. However, skipping a citation (whether intentionally or by accident) is considered plagiarism, which can have serious consequences.

No need to cite things considered common knowledge.

What is common knowledge? 

Common knowledge includes information that someone can easily trace and find the answer to. In an academic context, common knowledge will depend on the audience, but here are some basic examples:

  • There are 24 hours in a day.
  • The President of the United States can serve up to two terms in office, each term lasting four years.
  • The phone number for emergency services in the United States is 9-1-1

Choosing a Citation Style

There is no one standard citation style. Here are a few tips on selecting and using a style:

  • If it is not stated in the syllabus or assignment, ask your professor what style they prefer for their class.
  • Review materials in your field to determine what citation style is commonly used.
  • Pick one style and use it consistently in your work.
  • Consult style guides, online and in print, to help construct citations. The guides are especially helpful for unusual resources.

Avoiding Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own. As a student at WCU, there are consequences for committing plagiarism, whether intentional or unintentional. Here are some resources to help you avoid plagiarism: